Pakistan’s weather in November and December brings a major shift as the country transitions from mild autumn to the early stages of winter. These two months are known for cooler temperatures, early fog formation, chances of rainfall in the northern and western regions, and the first spells of snowfall in the mountains. Understanding these seasonal patterns is important for travelers, commuters, farmers, and families planning winter activities.
1. Overview of Weather Changes in Late Autumn and Early Winter
November marks the beginning of the cooling trend across the country. Days remain pleasant, but nights turn noticeably cold. By December, winter settles fully in northern Pakistan and gradually spreads to central and southern regions.
During this period, the country experiences:
- Lower temperatures
- Dry winds
- Morning and evening fog
- Reduced humidity
- Occasional rain and snowfall
- Shorter days and longer nights
The weather becomes significantly different from the hot summer and monsoon months, offering a refreshing shift in climate.
1. Overview of Weather Changes in Late Autumn and Early Winter
November marks the beginning of the cooling trend across the country. Days remain pleasant, but nights turn noticeably cold. By December, winter settles fully in northern Pakistan and gradually spreads to central and southern regions.
During this period, the country experiences:
- Lower temperatures
- Dry winds
- Morning and evening fog
- Reduced humidity
- Occasional rain and snowfall
- Shorter days and longer nights
The weather becomes significantly different from the hot summer and monsoon months, offering a refreshing shift in climate.
Southern Pakistan
Karachi, Hyderabad, and coastal areas remain milder.
- November: 18°C to 32°C
- December: 12°C to 28°C
These areas enjoy pleasant evenings but never reach freezing temperatures.
3. Fog Conditions in November and December
Fog is one of the biggest weather features of these months, especially in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa plains, and parts of Sindh.
Why Fog Forms
Cool nights, low wind speed, and moisture near the ground allow fog to form during early morning and late night.
Effects of Fog
- Low visibility on highways
- Travel delays
- Slower air traffic
- Increased risk of accidents
- Disrupted office and school routines
Safety Tips During Fog
To stay safe while traveling:
- Reduce speed and maintain a safe distance
- Use fog lights, not high beams
- Avoid unnecessary late-night travel
- Keep vehicle windows clean
- Follow highway police guidelines
Fog usually peaks between mid-December to early January and slowly reduces by the end of January.
4. Rainfall Patterns in November and December
These months fall under Pakistan’s “Western Disturbance” weather pattern, especially in northern and western regions.
Where Rainfall Is Expected
- Islamabad, Rawalpindi
- Northern Punjab
- Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
- Northern Balochistan
- Gilgit-Baltistan and Kashmir
Southern Pakistan receives limited rain, but light showers sometimes occur in Karachi and coastal areas in December.
Impact of Rainfall
- Lower temperatures
- Early snowfall in mountains
- Reduced smog levels
- Better air quality
- Increased cold wave intensity
Rainfall is usually scattered, not heavy, but can still bring sharp temperature drops.
5. Snowfall in Northern Pakistan
December is the beginning of the snowfall season in the mountain regions.
Major Snowfall Areas
- Murree and Galiyat
- Naran–Kaghan
- Swat and Malam Jabba
- Hunza Valley
- Skardu
- Astore
- Neelum Valley
Snowfall attracts thousands of tourists who enjoy winter sports, snow-covered landscapes, and holiday celebrations.
Travel Advisory During Snowfall
- Use snow chains on slippery roads
- Travel during daylight
- Keep warm clothing and food supplies
- Check weather updates regularly
- Follow local emergency instructions
Snowfall can cause road blockages, so planning ahead is important.
6. Health Considerations During Early Winter
Cold air, fog, and dry weather can affect health, especially for children and older adults.
Common Winter Issues
- Cough and flu
- Dry skin
- Joint pain
- Asthma flare-ups
- Allergies
Foods That Help in Winter
- Warm soups
- Dry fruits
- Honey and warm water
- Vitamin C fruits like oranges
- Ginger tea
- Leafy vegetables
Healthy eating supports immunity and helps the body adapt to colder temperatures.
7. Regional Weather Breakdown
Northern Pakistan
Coldest conditions with frequent rain and snowfall. Temperatures drop below freezing in December.
Central Pakistan
Foggy mornings and cold nights dominate. Rain spells increase cold intensity.
Southern Pakistan
Mild winter with pleasant days and cool nights. Little to no fog except in interior Sindh.
8. When Will the Coldest Period Arrive?
In Pakistan, the true winter peak usually starts around:
- Late December
- Continues through January
- Begins to ease in mid-February
By mid-December, cold waves from the north push temperatures down across the country.